- A set of components that interact with each other to accomplish some purpose/task.
- examples:
- solar system
- public transport system
- computer system
- For example our body itself is one system, which has components like legs, hands, and etc.
- Our way of communication is also one system, which is developed with components like words and symbols by which one person can communicate with other person.
- Any business itself is also a system which may has components like Manufacturing, sales, marketing, accounting.
- All these components Work together to generate profit and benefit to organization each of these Components are also a system.
- For example manufacturing itself us one system, which has component like production, quality control and packing.
- Your PC itself is a system, which has component like CPU, Monitor Keyboard and other devices, which together interact with each other and process the data.
Characteristics of a System
- Organization-It implies structure and order.
- Interaction-It refers to manner in which each component functions with other components of the system.
- Interdependence-Units/parts are dependent on each other.
- Integration-The parts of a system work together within the system even though each part performs a unique function.
- Central Objective-Objective may be real or stated. All the components work together to achieve that particular objective.
Elements of a system
- Inputs and Outputs- Inputs are the elements that enter the system for processing and output is the result of processing
- Processor- It is the element that involves the actual transformation of input into output.
- Control- The control element guides the system.
- Environment- It is the suprasytem within which an organization operates.
- Feedback- Output is compared against performance standards.
- Boundaries and Interface- A system should be defined by its limits.
Types of system
- Physical System - a set of tangible elements which operate together to accomplish an objective.
- Abstract System - These are conceptual or non physical entities. For example- the abstract conceptualization of physical situations. A model is a representation of a real or planned system. A model is used to visualize relationships.
- Open System – It has many interfaces with its environment. It interacts across its boundaries, it receives inputs from and delivers outputs to the outside world. It must adapt to the changing demands of the user.
- Closed System – It is isolated from the environmental influences. A completely closed system is rare.
- Manual System - where data collection, manipulation, maintenance and final reporting are carried out absolutely by human efforts.
- Automated System - where computers or microprocessors are used to carry out all the tasks.
- Deterministic System – It operates in a predictable manner and the interaction between parts is known with certainty. For example: Two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen makes water.
- Probabilistic System – It shows probable behavior. The exact output is not known. For example: weather forecasting, mail delivery.
What is subsystem?
- A subsystem is a part of larger system. Each system is composed of subsystems, which in turn are made up of other subsystems,
- each subsystem being delineated by its boundries.
- The interconnections and interactions between the subsystems are called termed interfaces.
- interfaces occur at the boundry and take the form of inputs and outputs.
System
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Subsystem
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|---|---|
Education system
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Admission system, Exam system
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Business system
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Accounting system, purchase and sales system
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